GOAT: Unlocking Bitcoin’s True Potential with a Full-Stack Rollup Bitcoin, by design, prioritizes simplicity and security. But that same minimalism has limited its ability to support complex logic, smart contracts, and programmable infrastructure—the areas where Ethereum thrives. GOAT is changing that by building a true rollup for Bitcoin. No wrapped BTC, no trusted intermediaries, and no 14-day withdrawal delays. 1. The Core Problem: Bitcoin Lacks Programmability While Bitcoin excels as a secure value store, it was never built for applications like DeFi, dApps, or onchain logic. BitVM was initially proposed as a workaround, but v1 proved too slow and impractical. 2. GOAT Upgrades BitVM to BitVM2 BitVM2 enables offchain contract verification through fraud proofs via a challenger model. GOAT enhances this design for real-world speed and embeds an incentive structure that promotes honest behavior. 3. Finality in Under 24 Hours GOAT implements a rotating challenger model, with a new round every 2 hours and 12 per day. If a node identifies fraud, it earns a reward from the slashed stake of complicit nodes. This accelerates finality while incentivizing mutual validation. 4. zkMIPS – Custom ZK Virtual Machine for Bitcoin Rather than using zkEVM, GOAT developed zkMIPS, a zkVM optimized for MIPS instruction sets. It supports recursion and compression, and can post verifiable proofs directly to Bitcoin’s scripting language—enabling native zkRollups on Bitcoin without external chains. 5. A Trustless Bridge Without Wrapped BTC Users deposit BTC into a non-custodial n-of-n multisig. Withdrawals burn zBTC on L2, coupled with a zkMIPS + BitVM2 proof. This proof unlocks the original BTC on L1, eliminating the need for trusted bridge operators or wrapped assets. 6. Universal Operator – True Decentralization There are no fixed roles like prover, sequencer, or challenger. Every node cycles through all functions, earning rewards or facing slashing based on performance. This reduces centralization risk and aligns incentives across the network. 7. A Full-Stack Rollup – Architected for Technical and Economic Integrity GOAT integrates three layers: zkMIPS: generates verifiable computation proofs BitVM2: enforces fraud detection and resolution Universal Ops: handles decentralized coordination and role rotation → The result is a full-stack rollup capable of complex logic, secured by native Bitcoin, with built-in economic self-regulation. Conclusion GOAT is accomplishing what took Ethereum years to optimize: 🔹Native ZK rollups 🔹Trustless bridging 🔹Incentive-aligned, autonomous logic 🔹Decentralization at both infra and economic layers And it’s doing all of that directly on Bitcoin.